Hybrid Energy Storage Systems Based on Redox-Flow Batteries: Recent Developments, Challenges, and Future Perspectives

Recently, the appeal of Hybrid Energy Storage Systems (HESSs) has been growing in multiple application fields, such as charging stations, grid services, and microgrids. HESSs consist an integration two or more single (ESSs) to combine benefits each ESS improve overall system performance, e.g., efficiency lifespan. Most recent studies on HESS mainly focus power management coupling between different ESSs without a particular interest specific type ESS. Over last decades, Redox-Flow Batteries (RFBs) have received significant attention due their attractive features, especially for stationary storage applications, hybridization can certain characteristics with respect short-term duration peak availability. Presented this paper is comprehensive overview main concepts based RFBs. Starting brief description specification Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) common electrochemical technologies suitable RFBs, are classified battery-oriented application-oriented KPIs. Furthermore, optimal architecture comprising combination RFB Supercapacitor (SC) proposed evaluated via numerical simulation. Finally, in-depth study Management (EMS) conducted. The general structure EMS well possible scenarios provided identify commonly used control optimization parameters. Therefore, differentiation system-oriented parameters applied literature data. Afterwards, state-of-the-art techniques discussed. As characterized by prediction system’s future behavior use technique, detailed analysis previous implemented algorithms carried out. summarizes key aspects challenges electrical RFBs thus gives perspectives newly needed systems.